@misc{feliceio_wire_and_2023, 
author={Felice I.O., Shen J., Barragan A.F.C., Moura I.A.B., Li B., Wang B., Khodaverdi H., Mohri M., Schell N., Ghafoori E., Santos T.G., Oliveira J.P.},
title={Wire and arc additive manufacturing of Fe-based shape memory alloys: Microstructure; mechanical and functional behavior},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112004},
abstract = {Shape memory alloys (SMA) are a class of smart materials with inherent shape memory and superelastic characteristics. Unlike other SMAs, iron-based SMAs (Fe-SMA) offer cost-effectiveness, weldability, and robust mechanical strength for the construction industry. Thus, applying these promising materials to advanced manufacturing processes is of considerable industrial and academic relevance. This study aims to present a pioneer application of a Fe–Mn–Si–Cr–Ni–V-C SMA to arc-based directed energy deposition additive manufacturing, namely wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), examining the microstructure evolution and mechanical/functional response. The WAAM-fabricated Fe-SMAs presented negligible porosity and high deposition efficiency. Microstructure characterization encompassing electron microscopy and high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction revealed that the as-deposited material is primarily composed by γ FCC phase with modest amounts of VC, ε and σ phases. Tensile and cyclic testing highlighted the Fe-SMA's excellent mechanical and functional response. Tensile testing revealed a yield strength and fracture stress of 472 and 821 MPa, respectively, with a fracture strain of 26%. After uniaxial tensile loading to fracture, the γ ε phase transformation was clearly evidenced with post-mortem synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis. The cyclic stability during 100 load/unloading cycles was also evaluated, showcasing the potential applicability of the fabricated material for structural applications.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112004} (DOI). Felice I.O.; Shen J.; Barragan A.F.C.; Moura I.A.B.; Li B.; Wang B.; Khodaverdi H.; Mohri M.; Schell N.; Ghafoori E.; Santos T.G.; Oliveira J.P.: Wire and arc additive manufacturing of Fe-based shape memory alloys: Microstructure; mechanical and functional behavior. Materials & Design. 2023. vol. 231, 112004. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112004}}